In 1974, three states voted to ratify the ERA, and Tennessee, which had ratified it the year before, rescinded its ratification. But Nebraska, which had ratified it in 1972, rescinded its ratification that year. In 1973, eight more states voted to ratify it, bringing to 30 the number who had done so.
Early MomentumĬongress passed the ERA on March 22, 1972, and, by the end of that calendar year, it had already been ratified by 22 states. Note the seven-year deadline for ratification. This amendment shall take effect two years after the date of ratification.” The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of the Constitution when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission by the Congress: Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each House concurring therein), Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to equal rights for men and women. In 1972, Congress finally passed it and, with the endorsement of President Nixon, sent it to the states for ratification. Many feared it would undermine traditions and laws that protected women, especially homemakers.įirst formally proposed in Congress in 1923, the Equal Rights Amendment was introduced in every Congress after that, and was included in the platforms of both major political parties a number of times. This proposed amendment did not have universal support, even among women. Constitution, the Equal Rights Amendment. Having succeeded in winning the right to vote for American women, Alice Paul turned her energy and attentions to adding another amendment to the U.S. It was her organizational skill and hard, persistent work. But it wasn’t her heritage or connections that got the 19th Amendment passed and ratified. She was descended from William Penn, and had graduated from Swarthmore College, which had been co-founded by her maternal grandfather.
Born in 1885 to a Quaker family in New Jersey, Miss Paul was well connected. One of the people spearheading the effort to make this happen was Alice Paul. In 2020, the United States marked the 100th anniversary of the addition of the 19th Amendment to our Constitution, extending the privilege of the vote to American women.
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